Fall Final Review

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What is facilitated diffusion?

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Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins called transport proteins. It does not require energy.

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What are nucleotides?

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Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What biomolecule do glycoprotein, glycogen, and glycolysis relate to?

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They are all related to carbohydrates, which are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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What is translation in biology?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template. It involves decoding the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain.

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What are monomers?

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Monomers are the individual units that bond together to form polymers or macromolecules. Examples include amino acids (for proteins) and nucleotides (for nucleic acids).

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy in the form of ATP.

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What is osmosis?

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is simple diffusion?

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Simple diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for energy or transport proteins.

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What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs. They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain to form proteins.

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What is glycolysis?

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Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It is the first step in cellular respiration.