Front

What is a population in statistics?

Back

A population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn.

Front

Define sample in the context of statistics.

Back

A sample is a subset of the population that is used to represent the entire group.

Front

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

Back

Hypothesis testing is used to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample to infer that a certain condition holds for the entire population.

Front

Explain the difference between Type I and Type II errors.

Back

Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected, while Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected.

Front

What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

Define confidence interval.

Back

A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from a data set, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter.

Front

What does it mean if a result is statistically significant?

Back

A result is statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance, typically indicated by a p-value less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 0.05).

Front

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be normally distributed, regardless of the shape of the population distribution, as the sample size becomes large.

Front

Explain the concept of standard deviation.

Back

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Front

What is a scatter plot?

Back

A scatter plot is a graph that shows the relationship between two quantitative variables, with points representing individual data points.