Periodic Trends

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?

Back

Atomic radius decreases across a period due to increased nuclear charge pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases down a group because additional electron shells are added, increasing the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.

Front

Define ionization energy.

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

What is the trend in ionization energy across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases across a period due to increased nuclear charge.

Front

What is the trend in ionization energy down a group?

Back

Ionization energy decreases down a group because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and experience more shielding.

Front

Define electronegativity.

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Front

What is the trend in electronegativity across a period?

Back

Electronegativity increases across a period due to increased nuclear charge.

Front

What is the trend in electronegativity down a group?

Back

Electronegativity decreases down a group because the distance between the nucleus and bonding electrons increases.

Front

Which group of elements has the highest electronegativity?

Back

The halogens (Group 17) have the highest electronegativity.

Front

What are groups in the periodic table?

Back

Groups are vertical columns of elements in the periodic table that have similar properties.