Macromolecules

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What are macromolecules?

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Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that are essential for life. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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What are the four main types of macromolecules?

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The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

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Carbohydrates provide energy and serve as structural components in cells.

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What are lipids and their functions?

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Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and waxes. They store energy, provide insulation, and make up cell membranes.

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What are proteins made of?

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Proteins are made of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds.

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What is the role of nucleic acids?

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Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic information.

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What are monosaccharides?

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Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.

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What are disaccharides?

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Disaccharides are carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose (glucose + fructose) and lactose (glucose + galactose).

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What are polysaccharides?

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Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

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What is the significance of carbon in organic compounds?

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Carbon is a fundamental element in organic compounds, forming the backbone of macromolecules due to its ability to form four covalent bonds.