AP BIO UNIT 2

Front

What is endosymbiosis?

Back

Endosymbiosis is a theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through a symbiotic relationship, where one organism lives inside another.

Front

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Evidence includes the presence of double membranes in mitochondria and chloroplasts, their own DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA, and their size being comparable to bacteria.

Front

What are mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Back

Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy through cellular respiration, while chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Back

Ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts synthesize proteins necessary for their functions, and they are similar to bacterial ribosomes.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane proteins.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What are ion pumps?

Back

Ion pumps are membrane proteins that transport ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, using energy from ATP.

Front

What is a cotransporter?

Back

A cotransporter is a type of membrane protein that moves two or more molecules across the membrane simultaneously, either in the same direction or in opposite directions.

Front

What is a glycolipid?

Back

A glycolipid is a lipid with a carbohydrate attached, found in the cell membrane, playing a role in cell recognition and signaling.