Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology

Front

In a eukaryotic cell, chromosomes are found in the _______.

Back

nucleus, cell's nucleus

Front

The process that converts DNA to RNA is ____________.

Back

transcription

Front

Which 4 bases are found in DNA?

Back

adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine

Front

What is a codon? (give an example)

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. Example: ACG.

Front

Which 4 bases are found in RNA?

Back

adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.

Front

Define the term 'gene'.

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or set of proteins.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) paired in the center.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.