Protein Synthesis & Mutations Flashcard

Front

What is the primary function of genes?

Back

Genes contain instructions for assembling proteins.

Front

Why are frameshift mutations particularly harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence.

Front

What amino acid does the mRNA codon ACU correspond to?

Back

Thr (Threonine)

Front

Which type of mutation is most likely to affect the resulting protein?

Back

Frameshift mutation.

Front

What determines the information in a DNA molecule?

Back

The order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases.

Front

What are the two main types of mutations?

Back

Substitution mutations and frameshift mutations.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code determines how sequences of nucleotides are translated into amino acids.