Mendelian Genetics

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What is Mendelian Genetics?

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Mendelian Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What is an allele?

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An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits (e.g., T and t are alleles for height in pea plants).

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., TT or tt).

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Tt).

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present (e.g., T in Tt).

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What is a recessive allele?

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A recessive allele is an allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (e.g., tt).

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

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If a tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt), what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?

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50% Tt, 50% tt.