DNA Replication Semester Test Review

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

The process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, ensuring that each new cell receives an identical set of DNA.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA contains the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for cell function.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation that occurs when bases are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

DNA strands have directionality; the 5' end has a phosphate group, and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group, which is important for replication.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.