8th Ch 2:3-DNA and Genetics

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Front

What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What does the term 'base pairing' refer to in DNA?

Back

Base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

Define transcription in the context of genetics.

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA.

Front

What is replication in DNA?

Back

Replication is the process of making an identical copy of DNA before cell division.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, which can lead to changes in the protein produced.

Front

What is the function of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

Back

The sugar-phosphate backbone provides structural support and stability to the DNA molecule.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins.