Cell Cycle

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What is the cell cycle?

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The cell cycle is the series of phases that a cell goes through from its formation until it divides into two daughter cells. It includes interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).

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What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

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The main phases of the cell cycle are Interphase (G1, S, G2) and the Mitotic phase (M phase, which includes mitosis and cytokinesis).

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What occurs during interphase?

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During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis. It consists of three sub-phases: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

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What is mitosis?

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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

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What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

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Diploid cells (2n) contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, while haploid cells (1n) contain only one set of chromosomes.

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What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which increases genetic diversity in the resulting gametes.

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What happens during metaphase I of meiosis?

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During metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's equatorial plane, preparing for separation.

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What is cytokinesis?

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Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division, where the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two daughter cells.

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What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

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Checkpoints are regulatory mechanisms in the cell cycle that ensure proper division and prevent errors, such as DNA damage or incomplete replication.