AP Bio: Unit 4 (CED)

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms, allowing for the removal of damaged or unnecessary cells.

Front

What is the consequence of a cell being unable to perform apoptosis?

Back

The inability to perform apoptosis can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, contributing to cancer and other diseases.

Front

What is phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A phosphorylation cascade is a series of chemical reactions in a cell where one enzyme phosphorylates another, leading to a chain reaction that amplifies the signal.

Front

What is quorum sensing in bacteria?

Back

Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria communicate and coordinate their behavior based on their population density through the release and detection of signaling molecules.

Front

What role does ATP play in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing the energy needed for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What are MHC proteins?

Back

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins are cell surface proteins that present peptide fragments to T cells, playing a crucial role in the immune response.

Front

How do T cell receptors function?

Back

T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize and bind to specific antigens presented by MHC proteins on the surface of other cells, initiating an immune response.

Front

What is the significance of secondary messengers in signal transduction?

Back

Secondary messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the signal.

Front

What is the function of protein kinase A?

Back

Protein kinase A (PKA) is an enzyme that phosphorylates various proteins, thereby regulating their activity and playing a key role in cellular signaling pathways.

Front

What happens if GDP does not bind to a transmembrane protein?

Back

If GDP does not bind to a transmembrane protein, it can disrupt the signaling pathway, preventing the activation of downstream signaling events.