2024 Genetics and Biotech Review

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What is cystic fibrosis?

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Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to the production of thick, sticky mucus.

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What does it mean for a trait to be autosomal recessive?

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An autosomal recessive trait requires two copies of the recessive allele for the trait to be expressed in an individual.

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What is a pedigree chart?

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A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.

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What is the probability of offspring inheriting cystic fibrosis if both parents are affected?

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If both parents are affected by cystic fibrosis, all offspring will have a 100% probability of being affected.

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What is Bt-corn?

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Bt-corn is a genetically modified crop that produces a toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which is toxic to certain insects.

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What is a potential drawback of growing Bt-corn?

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One potential drawback is that the corn pollen can harm non-target beneficial insects when they consume contaminated plants.

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric current.

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What is the role of electric current in gel electrophoresis?

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Electric current is applied to negatively charged DNA fragments to move them through a gel matrix, separating them by size.

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How can gel electrophoresis be used in paternity testing?

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Gel electrophoresis can compare the DNA profiles of a puppy and potential mothers to determine biological relationships.

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What is the Human Genome Project?

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The Human Genome Project is an international research initiative that aimed to map and understand all the genes of the human species.