Transcription + Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins, involving ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

How many amino acids are coded by one codon?

Back

One codon codes for one amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon for protein synthesis?

Back

The start codon for protein synthesis is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the significance of the nitrogenous base in a nucleotide?

Back

The nitrogenous base in a nucleotide determines the genetic information and variation between individuals.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA.