DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.

Front

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine; RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, which occurs at the ribosomes.

Front

What are ribosomes made of?

Back

Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and they serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added during translation.