DNA & Protein Synthesis Semester Test Review

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself, resulting in two identical DNA strands.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the monomer of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What happens during the unwinding of DNA?

Back

During unwinding, the enzyme helicase separates the two strands of DNA, allowing replication to occur.

Front

What is the outcome of DNA replication?

Back

The outcome of DNA replication is two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA).