Biology - Genetics

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., AA, Aa, or aa).

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both its genotype and environmental influences (e.g., red hair, tall plant).

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present (e.g., A), while recessive alleles are only expressed when two copies are present (e.g., aa).

Front

What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

Front

What does homozygous mean?

Back

Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

Front

What is the probability of inheriting a dominant trait from a heterozygous parent?

Back

The probability is 75% if one parent is heterozygous (Aa) and the other is homozygous recessive (aa).

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Front

What is the significance of the capital letter in genetics?

Back

In genetics, a capital letter represents a dominant allele, while a lowercase letter represents a recessive allele.

Front

What is the expected genotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa)?

Back

The expected genotype ratio is 1:2:1 (1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa).

Front

What is the expected phenotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa)?

Back

The expected phenotype ratio is 3:1 (3 dominant : 1 recessive).