AP Stats Unit 2 Final Exam Review

Front

How do you calculate a residual?

Back

Residual = Observed - Predicted

Front

In an experiment studying the effect of engine size on fuel efficiency, what is the response variable?

Back

Gas mileage is the response variable, and you expect to find a negative association.

Front

What does the equation ŷ = 410.54 + 67.3x represent in a regression analysis?

Back

It represents the least-squares regression line for predicting SAT Math scores based on GPA.

Front

What happens to the slope of the least-squares regression line if a significant outlier is removed?

Back

Removing this data point would decrease the slope of the least-squares line.

Front

What is the coefficient of determination (R²) in regression analysis?

Back

It measures the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variable.

Front

What does a positive residual indicate about a prediction?

Back

A positive residual indicates that the observed value is greater than the predicted value.

Front

What is the relationship between the slope of a regression line and the correlation coefficient?

Back

The slope indicates the direction and strength of the relationship; a positive slope corresponds to a positive correlation.

Front

What does it mean if the slope of a regression line is negative?

Back

It indicates an inverse relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Front

In a regression analysis, what does the y-intercept represent?

Back

The y-intercept represents the predicted value of the dependent variable when the independent variable is zero.

Front

What is the significance of the least-squares regression line?

Back

It minimizes the sum of the squares of the residuals, providing the best fit for the data.