MSA1 AP Biology Semester 1 FINAL 2024

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which the target cell is close to the signal-releasing cell. An example in animals is the release of growth factors that affect nearby cells.

Front

What type of bond holds complementary bases together in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds hold complementary bases together in DNA.

Front

What are the end products of cellular respiration?

Back

The end products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Front

What is the primary function of an enzyme?

Back

The primary function of an enzyme is to speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is a characteristic of X-linked recessive disorders?

Back

A characteristic of X-linked recessive disorders is that two affected parents can have an unaffected child.

Front

Define cellular respiration.

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

Front

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Back

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another, facilitating communication in the nervous system.

Front

Explain the difference between covalent and hydrogen bonds.

Back

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, while hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Front

What is the significance of the activation energy in biochemical reactions?

Back

Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur; enzymes lower this energy to speed up reactions.

Front

What is the function of growth factors in cellular signaling?

Back

Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, playing a crucial role in development and healing.