AP Biology Final Exam Review (Ch 7: Membrane Structure/Function)

Front

What are integral membrane proteins?

Back

Integral membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. They are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Front

What are peripheral membrane proteins?

Back

Peripheral membrane proteins are proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer but are loosely attached to the exterior or interior surfaces of membranes. They are typically hydrophilic.

Front

Define amphipathic molecules.

Back

Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions, allowing them to interact with both water and lipid environments.

Front

What is tonicity?

Back

Tonicity refers to the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water, affecting the cell's shape and volume.

Front

What does hypotonic mean?

Back

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, leading to water moving into the cell and causing it to swell.

Front

What does hypertonic mean?

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move out of the cell and leading to cell shrinkage.

Front

What does isotonic mean?

Back

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the inside of the cell, resulting in no net movement of water and maintaining cell shape.

Front

Identify a hydrophilic component in a membrane diagram.

Back

Hydrophilic components are typically found on the exterior of the membrane, interacting with the aqueous environment.

Front

Identify an amphipathic component in a membrane diagram.

Back

Amphipathic components, such as phospholipids, have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers.

Front

Identify a hydrophobic component in a membrane diagram.

Back

Hydrophobic components are usually found in the interior of the membrane, away from water, such as the fatty acid tails of phospholipids.