Biology Final Exam Review

Front

What is the process by which a plant cell loses water?

Back

Plasmolysis is the process where plant cells lose water, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall.

Front

What is the physical description of a trait called?

Back

Phenotype refers to the physical expression or characteristics of a trait in an organism.

Front

What is the basic unit of structure and function in an organism?

Back

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

Front

What is single-stranded, contains the sugar ribose, and has the base uracil?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and has uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What are organisms that can make their own food called?

Back

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis.

Front

What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from parents.

Front

What is the term for different forms of a gene?

Back

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Front

What is the process by which cells divide to form two identical daughter cells?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, maintaining the same chromosome number.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into polypeptides.

Front

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.