DNA RNA

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is made up of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that plays a crucial role in the process of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is the type of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are made.

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What is tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is the type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons in mRNA.

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What is rRNA?

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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of amino acids to form a protein.

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What is the role of RNA polymerase?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.