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Global Warming

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a gradual increase in air temperatures near Earth’s surface

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Greenhouse effect

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atmospheric heating caused by certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere that are transparent to sunlight but absorb and reflect heat that comes from Earth’s surface.

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Greenhouse gas

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a gas in Earth’s atmosphere that absorbs and then re-radiates heat.

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Heat flow

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the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.

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Deforestation

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The large-scale removal of forests, often for agriculture, urbanization, or timber harvesting, leading to habitat loss and climate changes

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Urbanization

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• The expansion of cities and towns as more people move to urban areas, often resulting in loss of natural habitats.

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Climate change

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Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and weather patterns, primarily caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels.

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Fossil Fuels

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Natural resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed from ancient organic materials, and burned for energy, releasing CO₂.

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Renewable resource

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Natural resources that can be replenished naturally over time, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy.

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Nonrenewable resource

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Resources like fossil fuels and minerals that cannot be replaced within a human lifetime once depleted.