The Periodic Table

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What is the Periodic Table?

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A tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by increasing atomic number, where elements with similar properties are grouped together.

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What are transition metals?

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Elements found in groups 3-12 of the periodic table, known for their ability to form variable oxidation states and colored compounds.

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What are noble gases?

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Group 18 elements that are colorless, odorless, and largely unreactive due to having a full valence shell.

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What are halogens?

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Group 17 elements that are highly reactive nonmetals, known for forming salts when combined with metals.

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What are alkali metals?

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Group 1 elements that are highly reactive, especially with water, and have one electron in their outermost shell.

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What are alkaline earth metals?

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Group 2 elements that are reactive but less so than alkali metals, with two electrons in their outermost shell.

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What is atomic number?

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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

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What is atomic mass?

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The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).

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What are metalloids?

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Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals, typically found along the zig-zag line on the periodic table.

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What is the significance of Mendeleev's periodic table?

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Mendeleev organized elements by atomic mass and grouped them by similar properties, predicting the existence of undiscovered elements.