AP BIO - Cell Structure & Function Exam Review

Front

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Back

A prokaryotic cell is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea.

Front

What is the function of the lysosome?

Back

The lysosome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

Why is a higher surface area to volume ratio beneficial for cells?

Back

A higher surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of nutrients and waste, enhancing metabolic processes.

Front

Which shape of a cell is most metabolically efficient?

Back

The sphere is the most metabolically efficient shape due to its higher surface area to volume ratio.

Front

What are membrane-bound organelles?

Back

Membrane-bound organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that are enclosed by membranes, allowing for compartmentalization of cellular functions.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins based on mRNA sequences.

Front

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) and transports them within the cell.

Front

What is the significance of ATP synthesis in cells?

Back

ATP synthesis is crucial as ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, powering various cellular processes.

Front

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.