Box plots, dot plots and Histograms

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What is a box plot?

Back

A box plot is a graphical representation of a dataset that displays the median, quartiles, and potential outliers. It shows the distribution of data based on a five-number summary: minimum, first quartile (Q1), median (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and maximum.

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What does a dot plot represent?

Back

A dot plot is a simple graphical display that uses dots to represent the frequency of data points in a dataset. Each dot represents one observation, making it easy to see the distribution and frequency of values.

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What is a histogram?

Back

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, where the data is divided into bins or intervals. The height of each bar represents the frequency of data points within that interval.

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How do you find the median in a dataset?

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To find the median, arrange the data points in ascending order and identify the middle value. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle values.

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What is an outlier?

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An outlier is a data point that is significantly different from the other observations in a dataset. It can be much higher or lower than the rest of the data.

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How do you calculate the interquartile range (IQR)?

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The interquartile range (IQR) is calculated by subtracting the first quartile (Q1) from the third quartile (Q3). IQR = Q3 - Q1.

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What is the purpose of a box plot?

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The purpose of a box plot is to provide a visual summary of the central tendency, variability, and distribution of a dataset, including the identification of outliers.

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What does the height of a bar in a histogram represent?

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The height of a bar in a histogram represents the frequency of data points that fall within the corresponding interval or bin.

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How can you identify an outlier in a box plot?

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In a box plot, outliers are typically represented as individual points that fall outside the whiskers, which extend from the quartiles.

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What is the first quartile (Q1)?

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The first quartile (Q1) is the median of the lower half of a dataset, representing the 25th percentile.