ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW

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What is Organic Chemistry?

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Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

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Define Hydrocarbon.

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Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. They can be classified as aliphatic (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes) or aromatic.

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What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

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Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms (e.g., alkanes), while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds (e.g., alkenes and alkynes).

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What is an isomer?

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Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, leading to different properties.

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Explain the concept of functional groups in organic chemistry.

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Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

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What is a nucleophile?

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A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.

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What is an electrophile?

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An electrophile is a chemical species that accepts an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.

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Define the term 'reaction mechanism'.

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A reaction mechanism is a step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction.

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What is the significance of chirality in organic compounds?

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Chirality refers to the property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image, leading to enantiomers that can have different biological activities.

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What are the main types of organic reactions?

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The main types of organic reactions include substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement reactions.