AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell converts an external signal into a functional response, often involving a series of molecular events.

Front

What role do enzymes play in signal transduction?

Back

Enzymes can pass phosphate groups down a series of proteins, facilitating the transmission of signals within the cell.

Front

What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?

Back

Negative feedback works to reverse a change in a system, while positive feedback amplifies a change.

Front

What is the function of insulin in the body?

Back

Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Front

What happens to DNA during cytokinesis?

Back

At the end of cytokinesis, daughter cells have the exact same amount of DNA as the original parent cell.

Front

Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body?

Back

A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected; only target cells with the appropriate receptors respond.

Front

What is a hormone?

Back

A chemical messenger produced by glands in the endocrine system that regulates various functions in the body.

Front

Define homeostasis.

Back

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism despite changes in external conditions.

Front

What is the role of cAMP in cellular signaling?

Back

cAMP acts as a secondary messenger that activates specific responses within the cell.

Front

What is the significance of receptor specificity in hormone action?

Back

Receptor specificity ensures that hormones only affect target cells, preventing inappropriate responses in non-target cells.