Cell cycle regulation

Front

What are cyclins?

Back

Cyclins are regulatory proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

Front

What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?

Back

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, phosphorylate target proteins to regulate the cell cycle.

Front

What is a tumor suppressor gene?

Back

A tumor suppressor gene is a type of gene that prevents the uncontrolled division of cells by repairing DNA or inducing apoptosis in damaged cells.

Front

What is the role of MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) in the cell cycle?

Back

MPF is a complex of cyclin and CDK that triggers the cell's entry into mitosis and is active during the G2 phase.

Front

What is the significance of the p53 gene?

Back

The p53 gene is a crucial tumor suppressor that regulates the cell cycle and prevents the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.

Front

What are carcinogens?

Back

Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer by damaging DNA or disrupting cellular processes.

Front

What is the relationship between aging and cancer risk?

Back

As individuals grow older, the risk of developing cancer increases due to the accumulation of genetic mutations and decreased cellular repair mechanisms.

Front

What is the function of the Rb gene?

Back

The Rb gene is a tumor suppressor that regulates the cell cycle by inhibiting progression from the G1 phase to the S phase.

Front

What is a proto-oncogene?

Back

A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression, leading to cancer.

Front

What is the difference between a tumor suppressor gene and a proto-oncogene?

Back

Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division and promote apoptosis, while proto-oncogenes promote cell division and survival.