Atoms Vocabulary 2

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Valence Electron

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An electron in the outermost region of an atom that participates in the formation of chemical bonds.

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Alkali Metals

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Soft, shiny metals with low melting points that react violently with air and moisture; found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

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Periodic Family

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Groups of elements in the periodic table that have similar properties, such as Halogens and Noble Gases.

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Halogen

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The six elements in Group 17 of the periodic table, including Fluorine, Chlorine, and Bromine.

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Noble Gas

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Odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity, found in column 18 of the periodic table.

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Atomic Number

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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

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Mass Number

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The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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Isotope

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Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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Ion

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An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net charge.

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Cation

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A positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.