Meiosis and Genetics Review

Front

What is an allele?

Back

An allele is one of the two or more forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Front

What is trisomy?

Back

Trisomy is a genetic disorder where an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Front

What is the genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross?

Back

The genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross is typically 1:2:1.

Front

What fraction of offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds in a dihybrid cross?

Back

In a typical dihybrid cross, the fraction of offspring with wrinkled, yellow seeds is 3/16.

Front

Define genotype.

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present.

Front

Define phenotype.

Back

Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Front

What is a karyotype?

Back

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs and organized by size.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their trait even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their trait.

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.