DNA Replication

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

How do nitrogenous bases pair in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G) through hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The S phase is the part of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the genetic material.

Front

What type of bond joins nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds join nitrogenous bases in DNA, allowing the two strands to separate during replication.

Front

What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing the gaps between them.

Front

What is the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) away from the fork.

Front

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin adding nucleotides.