Honors Chemistry Acids and Bases Review 23-24

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

How do you calculate the concentration of [H3O+] from pH?

Back

[H3O+] = 10^(-pH). For example, if pH = 8.43, then [H3O+] = 10^(-8.43) = 3.7 x 10^-9 M.

Front

What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

Back

pH + pOH = 14. This relationship helps to find one value if the other is known.

Front

What is the pOH of a solution with [H3O+] = 1.7 x 10^-2 M?

Back

pOH = 14 - pH; pH = -log(1.7 x 10^-2) = 1.77, so pOH = 14 - 1.77 = 12.23.

Front

What is the definition of a strong acid?

Back

A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in solution, releasing all of its hydrogen ions (H+). Examples include HCl and H2SO4.

Front

What is the definition of a strong base?

Back

A strong base is one that completely dissociates in solution, releasing all of its hydroxide ions (OH-). Examples include NaOH and KOH.

Front

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Back

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton (H+). For example, HCO3- and H2CO3.

Front

What is the formula for calculating molarity (M)?

Back

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution.

Front

How do you neutralize an acid with a base?

Back

Neutralization occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. For example, HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.

Front

What is the significance of the equivalence point in a titration?

Back

The equivalence point is reached when the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance in the sample.