Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What are the base pairing rules in RNA transcription?

Back

In RNA transcription, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is a start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

How many amino acids can a protein chain contain?

Back

A protein chain can contain up to 10,000 amino acids.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into amino acids.