BIology U3 Biomolecules/Enzymes Review

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What are Carbohydrates?

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Carbohydrates are biomolecules made up of sugar molecules. They include monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two sugars), and polysaccharides (many sugars). Examples include glucose, fructose, and starch.

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What do Amino Acids link together to form?

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Amino acids link together to form proteins, which are essential for various functions in the body, including building tissues and enzymes.

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What are the functions of Proteins?

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Proteins serve various functions including building and repairing tissues, acting as enzymes, and supporting immune function. They are crucial for muscle, hair, and nail structure.

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What do Monosaccharides link together to form?

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Monosaccharides link together to form carbohydrates, which are important energy sources for living organisms.

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What do Fatty Acids and Glycerol link together to form?

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Fatty acids and glycerol link together to form lipids, which are important for energy storage, insulation, and making up cell membranes.

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Define Polysaccharides.

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Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed by long chains of monosaccharides. They serve as energy storage (like starch in plants) and structural components (like cellulose in plant cell walls).

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What is the role of Enzymes in biological reactions?

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Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for reactions.

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What are the building blocks of Proteins?

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The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.

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What is the difference between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?

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Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are typically solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature.

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What are Nucleic Acids?

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Nucleic acids are biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information. The two main types are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).