Genetics Unit 2 and 3 Study Guide 2024-25

Front

What is the reason for the variation in skin tones between populations living near the equator and those living farther away?

Back

People near the equator have higher melanin production compared to those living farther away.

Front

What is the primary pigment that is deficient in individuals with albinism?

Back

Melanin.

Front

What type of genetic inheritance is demonstrated when a cross between a blue and a white flower results in a light blue flower?

Back

Incomplete Dominance.

Front

In X-linked recessive disorders, men are more affected because they have only one ________.

Back

X chromosome.

Front

Which form of vitiligo is characterized by depigmentation on only one side of the body?

Back

Segmental vitiligo.

Front

Define melanin and its role in human skin pigmentation.

Back

Melanin is a pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes; it protects against UV radiation.

Front

What is codominance in genetics?

Back

Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute equally to the phenotype.

Front

Explain the concept of incomplete dominance with an example.

Back

Incomplete dominance is when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes, e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers.

Front

What is the significance of the X chromosome in genetic disorders?

Back

The X chromosome carries many genes; men have only one X chromosome, making them more susceptible to X-linked recessive disorders.

Front

Describe the difference between generalized and localized vitiligo.

Back

Generalized vitiligo affects large areas of the body, while localized vitiligo affects specific patches.