OnRamps Chem Midterm 2

Front

What determines if a molecule is polar or non-polar?

Back

The distribution of electron density and the shape of the molecule determine if it is polar (uneven distribution) or non-polar (even distribution).

Front

What is the formal charge of an atom in a molecule?

Back

The formal charge is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated as: Formal Charge = Valence Electrons - (Non-bonding Electrons + 1/2 Bonding Electrons).

Front

What is a sigma bond?

Back

A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals, allowing for free rotation around the bond axis.

Front

What is a pi bond?

Back

A pi bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals, which restricts rotation around the bond axis.

Front

How many sigma bonds are present in a double bond?

Back

A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond.

Front

What is the molecular formula for carbon dioxide?

Back

The molecular formula for carbon dioxide is CO₂.

Front

How many sigma bonds are present in a triple bond?

Back

A triple bond consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.

Front

What is resonance in chemistry?

Back

Resonance is the concept that some molecules can be represented by two or more valid Lewis structures, indicating delocalized electrons.

Front

What is the significance of formal charge in resonance structures?

Back

Formal charge helps determine the most stable resonance structure by minimizing charges and ensuring that negative charges are on more electronegative atoms.

Front

What is the difference between polar and non-polar molecules?

Back

Polar molecules have a net dipole moment due to uneven charge distribution, while non-polar molecules have no net dipole moment.