Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the function of ribosomes?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, where ribosomes read the mRNA codons and tRNA brings the corresponding amino acids.

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What is tRNA?

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi body in protein synthesis?

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The Golgi body modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds.