Biology I Sem 1 Finals Review

Front

What term describes having two identical alleles for a trait?

Back

Homozygous: An organism is homozygous for a trait if it has two identical alleles, such as AA or aa.

Front

What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein?

Back

Translation: This is the process where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a corresponding protein.

Front

What are the substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

Back

Products: These are the end results of a chemical reaction, formed from the reactants.

Front

Which type of transport requires energy to move substances across a cell membrane?

Back

Active transport: This process uses energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Front

Which term describes organisms made of only one cell?

Back

Unicellular: Organisms that consist of a single cell, such as bacteria and some protists.

Front

What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?

Back

Genotype: The genotype refers to the specific alleles an organism carries for a particular trait.

Front

What is the observable physical characteristic of an organism?

Back

Phenotype: The phenotype is the expression of the genotype, influenced by environmental factors.

Front

What is the process by which DNA is copied to make mRNA?

Back

Transcription: This is the first step in gene expression where a segment of DNA is transcribed into mRNA.

Front

What is the basic unit of life?

Back

Cell: The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms.

Front

What type of cell lacks a nucleus?

Back

Prokaryote: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.