Functional Groups AP BIOLOGY

Front

What is a sulfhydryl group?

Back

A functional group that is polar and hydrophilic, found in some amino acids, and stabilizes the structure of proteins.

Front

What are carbonyl groups?

Back

Functional groups that can be either ketones or aldehydes, found in sugars, and are polar and hydrophilic.

Front

What is a methyl group?

Back

A nonpolar and hydrophobic functional group found in fatty acids, waxes, oils, and some amino acids.

Front

What is a hydroxyl group?

Back

A functional group found in alcohols, sugars, and glycerol, which is polar and hydrophilic, and names end in -ol.

Front

What is a carboxyl group?

Back

A polar and hydrophilic functional group that acts as a weak acid, found in amino acids, fatty acids, and vinegar.

Front

What is the significance of functional groups in biology?

Back

Functional groups determine the properties and reactivity of organic molecules, influencing biological functions.

Front

What is an amine group?

Back

A functional group that contains nitrogen and is found in amino acids, contributing to their basic properties.

Front

What is a phosphate group?

Back

A functional group that is polar and hydrophilic, often involved in energy transfer (ATP) and found in nucleotides.

Front

What are the properties of hydroxyl groups?

Back

Hydroxyl groups are polar, hydrophilic, and increase the solubility of organic compounds in water.

Front

What role do carboxyl groups play in amino acids?

Back

Carboxyl groups contribute to the acidic nature of amino acids and are involved in peptide bond formation.