Biology EOC review #1

Front

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?

Back

The rough ER is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins, as it is studded with ribosomes that translate mRNA into polypeptide chains.

Front

Where do the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis occur?

Back

The light-independent reactions occur in the stroma of chloroplasts.

Front

What are the two main reactants of cellular respiration?

Back

The two main reactants of cellular respiration are glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).

Front

What are lipids and what are their functions?

Back

Lipids are organic molecules that are hydrophobic or amphipathic. They serve as energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules.

Front

How do enzymes affect activation energy?

Back

Enzymes catalyze reactions by decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for regulating gene expression and cell division.

Front

What is photosynthesis and what are its main products?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen as main products.

Front

What is cellular respiration and why is it important?

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. It is essential for providing energy for cellular activities.

Front

What are the main types of organic molecules?

Back

The main types of organic molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, as they generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration.