AP Bio Unit 4 (4.1-4.5) Review

Front

What is the role of a G-protein in signal transduction?

Back

It activates adenylate cyclase.

Front

What is the role of a receptor in cell signaling?

Back

To bind to signaling molecules and initiate a response.

Front

Is cell death always a bad thing?

Back

False.

Front

What is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?

Back

Hormone.

Front

What type of feedback mechanism does hormone regulation operate under?

Back

Negative feedback.

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

The process by which a cell responds to signals from its environment.

Front

What are second messengers?

Back

Molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What is the function of adenylate cyclase?

Back

To convert ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), a second messenger.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream, while paracrine signaling involves local regulators affecting nearby cells.

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

A programmed cell death process that is essential for development and maintaining homeostasis.