AP Bio Unit 4 Review

Front

What are the three main steps of cell signaling?

Back

1. Reception: Detection of a signaling molecule by a receptor. 2. Transduction: Conversion of the signal into a cellular response. 3. Response: The final action taken by the cell.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where cells communicate with nearby cells through the release of signaling molecules.

Front

What is the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

Back

Beta cells release insulin in response to high blood glucose levels, helping to regulate blood sugar.

Front

What is the function of the mitotic spindle?

Back

To separate sister chromatids during cell division.

Front

What stage of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Back

Metaphase.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant targets, while paracrine signaling involves local signaling between nearby cells.

Front

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Back

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What is the significance of nitric oxide in blood flow regulation?

Back

Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.

Front

Define reception in the context of cell signaling.

Back

The process by which a cell detects a signaling molecule through its receptor.

Front

What is the primary role of smooth muscle in blood vessels?

Back

To regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing, which changes the diameter of the blood vessels.