Mitosis and Meiosis flashcard

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What is Mitosis?

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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, involving stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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What is Meiosis?

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Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes, and consists of two rounds of division: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

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Define Anaphase in Mitosis.

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Anaphase is the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

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What occurs during Cytokinesis?

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Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two daughter cells, completing the process of cell division.

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What is a Chromosome?

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A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information; humans typically have 46 chromosomes.

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What is a Chromatid?

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A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, which is joined to its sister chromatid by a centromere.

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Define Centromere.

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A centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

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What is a Centriole?

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A centriole is a cylindrical cell structure composed mainly of a protein called tubulin, and it plays a key role in cell division by helping to organize the mitotic spindle.

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What happens during Prophase I of Meiosis?

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During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over, increasing genetic diversity.

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What is Metaphase I in Meiosis?

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Metaphase I is the stage where homologous chromosome pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane, preparing for separation.