AP Biology - Unit 4 Review

Front

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Back

During anaphase, paired chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What is local signaling in cell communication?

Back

Local signaling involves communication between cells that are close together, such as paracrine signaling.

Front

What is the result of mitosis without cytokinesis?

Back

The resulting cell will have more than one nucleus.

Front

Why do lipid-soluble signaling molecules affect only target cells?

Back

Only target cells have intracellular receptors that can bind to these signaling molecules.

Front

What is cAMP and its role in cell signaling?

Back

cAMP is a secondary messenger that transmits signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

Define homologous chromosomes.

Back

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry the same genes, one inherited from each parent.

Front

What is the function of kinetochores during cell division?

Back

Kinetochores are protein structures on the chromosome that attach to spindle fibers to help separate sister chromatids during mitosis.

Front

Explain the significance of the equatorial plate in mitosis.

Back

The equatorial plate is the plane where chromosomes align during metaphase, ensuring proper separation during anaphase.

Front

What is the role of the nuclear envelope during cell division?

Back

The nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase to allow spindle fibers to access the chromosomes.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling is a form of local signaling where cells communicate with nearby cells through signaling molecules.