Sem 1 Final Review Biology

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What is a trophic cascade?

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A trophic cascade is an ecological phenomenon where a change in the population of one species (usually a predator) causes a ripple effect through the food web, impacting multiple other species and the ecosystem as a whole.

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What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?

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Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem (like plants and animals), while abiotic factors are non-living components (like water, sunlight, and temperature).

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What is carrying capacity?

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Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can sustainably support without degrading the habitat.

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Define symbiosis.

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Symbiosis is a close and long-term interaction between two different species, which can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to one or both parties.

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What is mutualism?

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Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the interaction.

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What is commensalism?

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Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.

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What is parasitism?

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Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other.

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What is the scientific method?

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The scientific method is a systematic process for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge, typically involving observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion.

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What is an independent variable in an experiment?

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The independent variable is the factor that is changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

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What is a dependent variable in an experiment?

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The dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment, which is affected by changes in the independent variable.