Protein Synthesis Practice

Front

What is the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. This occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a corresponding amino acid chain, forming a protein.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the mRNA codons.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).