Biology EOC/Final Exam Review

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What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins during translation.

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What happens to populations when a predator's prey is removed?

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When a predator's prey is removed, the predator's population may decline, while the populations of other organisms that were previously limited by the prey may increase.

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What is mitosis?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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What occurs during the S-phase of the cell cycle?

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During the S-phase, DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

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What is the difference between replication and transcription?

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Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules, while transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template.

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What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.

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What is a chromosome?

Back

A chromosome is a structure made of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; humans typically have 46 chromosomes.

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What is the significance of the cell cycle?

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The cell cycle is crucial for growth, development, and repair in organisms, ensuring proper cell division and function.

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What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

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Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.