Semester 1 Final Exam Review

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Absolutist European monarchs had...

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more power than medieval monarchs

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A common characteristic of Absolutist monarchs was...

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They claimed both political and religious power.

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What is the Enlightenment?

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A movement that applied scientific principles to society and government

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What inspired Enlightenment thinkers? Options: Monarchies, The Renaissance and Reformation, Science and its goal of understanding the laws of nature, Religious beliefs

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Science and its goal of understanding the laws of nature

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Who believed that people are inherently selfish and that governments are created to make decisions for society?

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Thomas Hobbes

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Who argued that the basis of government was a social contract and that people have the right to overthrow a government that fails to protect their natural rights?

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John Locke

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Who believed that a free market driven by competition and self-interest benefits society as a whole?

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Adam Smith

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Who argued for a three-part system of government with a separation of powers?

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Baron de Montesquieu

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Who advocated religious tolerance and criticized religious persecution?

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Voltaire

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What were salons in the context of the Enlightenment?

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Intellectual discussions hosted by wealthy patrons