Fall Midterm Review (OnRamps Biology)

Front

What is the function of the LDL receptor?

Back

The LDL receptor is an integral membrane protein that facilitates the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles into cells, playing a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis.

Front

What type of amino acid side chains are found in the region of a protein that crosses the membrane?

Back

Hydrophobic amino acid side chains are typically found in the region of a protein that crosses the membrane, allowing the protein to interact favorably with the lipid bilayer.

Front

What is a photoautotrophic prokaryote?

Back

A photoautotrophic prokaryote is an organism that can produce its own food using light energy, typically through photosynthesis, and is believed to have evolved into chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.

Front

What does phosphorylation of ADP indicate?

Back

Phosphorylation of ADP indicates that ADP is being converted into ATP, which is a key process in cellular energy transfer.

Front

What is a polysaccharide?

Back

A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of monosaccharide units, which can serve as energy storage (like starch) or structural components (like cellulose).

Front

What is the strongest type of bond in an aqueous environment?

Back

Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond in an aqueous environment, as they involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Front

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules?

Back

Hydrophobic molecules repel water and do not dissolve in it, while hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water and can dissolve in it.

Front

What role do ionic bonds play in biological systems?

Back

Ionic bonds are important in biological systems for stabilizing structures, such as proteins and nucleic acids, and in facilitating interactions between charged molecules.

Front

What is the significance of van der Waals forces in biology?

Back

Van der Waals forces are weak attractions between molecules that play a crucial role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids.

Front

How do hydrogen bonds contribute to the properties of water?

Back

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to water's high surface tension, specific heat, and solvent properties, making it essential for life.